Growing demand for professional, premium driving services and how to position yourself for these opportunities.
The Rise of Premium Driver Services Globally
Excerpt: Growing demand for professional, premium driving services and how to position yourself for these opportunitiesâespecially if youâre moving from Dubai to Romania.
Introduction: Why Premium Drivers Are in Demandâand Why Romania Is Next on Your Map
Around the world, premium driver services are moving from a niche luxury to a reliable standard for business leaders, high-net-worth travelers, e-commerce, and specialized logistics. Whether itâs executive chauffeuring in capital cities, temperature-controlled pharma transport across borders, or white-glove last-mile deliveries, one theme is clear: clients are willing to pay more for safety, punctuality, comfort, and professionalism.
If youâre a professional driver in Dubai considering a move to Europe, Romania deserves your attention. The countryâs logistics sector is booming, its road network is expanding fast, and demand for skilled, reliable drivers is rising. In addition, Romania offers access to the European market, competitive pay for international routes, and a lower cost of living compared to many EU countries.
This guide lays out the latest industry trends, the Romanian context, and a practical roadmap tailored to Dubai-based drivers transitioning to Romania. Youâll learn how to navigate Romanian regulations, identify premium segments (from executive chauffeur to specialized trucking), and build a career with long-term growth in the EU.
Global Momentum: Whatâs Driving Premium Driver Services
Premium driver services have expanded because clients and companies are asking for more than basic transport. Several forces are shaping this market:
- Safety and compliance as differentiators: Corporate travel managers and logistics clients prioritize vetted drivers, well-maintained fleets, and compliance with strict standardsâfrom EU driving/rest rules to ADR for dangerous goods.
- Comfort and customer experience: Executive travelers want discreet, courteous, English-speaking chauffeurs, WiâFi, water, and clean premium vehicles. In logistics, âpremiumâ can mean specialized handling, temperature controls, and guaranteed delivery windows.
- E-commerce and white-glove delivery: As online shopping evolves, premium last-mile services include scheduled delivery, packaging removal, installation (appliances/furniture), and careful handling.
- Health and pharmaceuticals: GDP-compliant (Good Distribution Practice) cold-chain and time-critical deliveries require trained drivers and audited processes.
- Technology-enabled service: Digital dispatch, route optimization, and real-time ETA updates raise expectations for punctuality and transparency.
Why This Matters for Dubai-to-Romania Movers
Dubai drivers are known for service standards, multilingual customer handling, and experience with high-spec fleets. Those strengths translate well in Romaniaâs growing premium segments, from executive chauffeuring in Bucharest to international refrigerated trucking out of the Port of ConstanČa. With Romania in the EU and on key trade corridors into Central and Western Europe, drivers who bring a premium mindset can advance quickly.
Romaniaâs Premium Driver Landscape: Where the Opportunities Are
Romaniaâs transport sector connects the Black Sea to Central Europe and the Balkans. As infrastructure improves, so do opportunities for pro drivers, especially in premium niches.
1) Executive Chauffeur and Corporate Mobility
- Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, TimiČoara, and IaČi have a growing corporate scene: IT hubs, shared service centers (SSC), and multinational headquarters.
- Demand clusters: airport transfers (Henri CoandÄ OTP), corporate roadshows, hotel-to-office shuttles, VIP events, and embassy transport.
- Platforms and operators: Ride-hailing platforms such as Uber and Bolt operate in major cities; BlackCab is known for corporate-oriented premium rides. Many hotels and DMCs (destination management companies) rely on vetted chauffeurs.
- What premium means here: late-model sedans/vans, spotless interiors, English-speaking drivers, suit-and-tie presentation, and impeccable route planning.
2) Specialized and Temperature-Controlled Logistics
- Pharma and medical supplies: ConstanČa Port and intermodal hubs like Railport Arad (Curtici) connect Romania to Western Europe. GDP-compliant carriers need trained drivers who follow strict SOPs.
- Food and FMCG: Refrigerated vehicles servicing supermarket DCs and cross-border retail chains.
- What premium means here: temperature monitoring, seal integrity, route timing, and compliance documentation.
3) White-Glove and Last-Mile Delivery
- E-commerce growth fuels demand for careful handling, scheduled delivery, and on-site assembly.
- Domestic leaders include FAN Courier, Sameday, and Cargus; international 3PLs (DB Schenker, DHL, Kuehne+Nagel, Raben, GebrĂźder Weiss, DSV, H.Essers) expand regional capacity.
- What premium means here: uniformed drivers, equipment for safe handling, and customer communication thatâs polite and proactive.
4) International Long-Haul and Regional EU Routes
- Western corridors: A1 motorway via TimiČoaraâArad to NÄdlac (Hungary) connects to Austria and Germany.
- Northern routes: A3 sections toward Oradea/BorČ link to Hungary; E60/E79 routes to Central Europe.
- Southern connections: GiurgiuâRuse bridge into Bulgaria opens to Greece and Turkey.
- What premium means here: rock-solid compliance with EU driving/rest times, tachograph mastery, fuel-efficient driving, and on-time border documentation.
5) Secure, Protocol, and Event Driving
- Embassies, film productions, sporting events, and high-profile conferences rely on trusted driversâoften with defensive driving or security-awareness training.
- What premium means here: discretion, protocol etiquette, advanced route scouting, and incident reporting.
Regulations and Certifications in Romania: What Pros Must Know
Transitioning from Dubai to Romania means adapting to EU standards and Romania-specific rules. Get familiar with the essentials:
Professional Licensing and CPC (Code 95)
- EU Driver CPC: For Category C/CE (truck) and D/DE (bus/coach), the EU requires a Certificate of Professional Competence. In Romania, this appears on your license as âCode 95.â
- Initial qualification and periodic training: New entrants complete initial training (CPI); all professionals complete periodic CPC every 5 years.
- Training and issuing authorities: Courses are delivered by centers accredited by Autoritatea RutierÄ RomânÄ (ARR). The driver qualification is recognized across the EU.
Tachograph and Driving/Rest Rules
- EU rules: Regulation (EC) 561/2006 and related regulations govern driving hours, breaks, and rest periods.
- Driver card: Youâll need a digital tachograph driver card issued in Romania (via ARR) once you hold the appropriate license and residency.
- Inspections: ISCTR (Romaniaâs road transport inspectorate) and police conduct roadside checks for tachograph compliance, load securing, ADR, and documents.
ADR Certification (Optional but Valuable)
- ADR is required to transport dangerous goods. Many carriers pay a premium for ADR-certified drivers.
- Training is available at ARR-accredited centers; specialized modules exist for tankers and certain classes.
Taxi, Ride-Hailing, and Chauffeur Regulations
- Taxi: City-issued taxi permits and vehicle requirements are strict; typically tied to local licensing caps.
- Ride-hailing (transport alternativ): Requires a professional attestation for alternative transport, medical/psychological checks, car standards, and company/platform authorization.
- Chauffeur services: Corporate and hotel drivers often work under company licenses; professional conduct, background checks, and clean records are essential.
Vehicle and Safety Requirements
- Mandatory equipment: reflective vest, first aid kit, two warning triangles, and a fire extinguisher are standard requirements in Romania.
- Winter-readiness: Winter tires are mandatory when winter conditions (snow, ice, or black ice) exist; many fleets mandate them from November through March. Snow chains may be required on certain mountain routes.
- Road taxes and tolls: A ârovinietÄâ (vignette) is required on national roads; tariffs vary by vehicle category. Separate bridge tolls (e.g., on the A2 Danube bridges) may apply.
From Dubai to Romania: Mapping Your Transition
Relocating is smoother when you plan around licensing, employment, and daily life.
Converting Your License and Earning EU Qualifications
- Non-EU license exchange: Romania typically does not exchange a UAE license for a Romanian professional license. Expect to take theory and practical tests in Romania for the categories you need (B, C, CE, etc.).
- Medical and psychological exams: Mandatory for professional categories; completed at authorized clinics.
- CPC (Code 95): Enroll in ARR-accredited initial/periodic training to obtain/renew EU CPC.
- Tachograph card: Apply after you hold the appropriate license and Romanian residence.
Tip: Some employers provide bundled supportâtraining, exam prep, medicals, CPC, and even Romanian language lessons.
Employment and Work Authorization for Non-EU Citizens
- Employer work permit: Romanian employers apply for a work permit through the General Inspectorate for Immigration (IGI). Once approved, you apply for a long-stay work visa at a Romanian consulate.
- Residence permit: After entry, you register and apply for a residence permit to live and work legally in Romania.
- Timing: The process can take several weeks to a few months; start early and keep documents organized.
Where the Jobs Are
- International trucking (C/CE): Carriers based around Bucharest, Arad, TimiČoara, Cluj, and ConstanČa serve EU lanes. Known operators and 3PLs include DB Schenker, DHL Freight, Kuehne+Nagel, Raben, GebrĂźder Weiss, DSV, H.Essers, International Alexander, Dumagas, and Gopet Romania.
- Premium chauffeur roles: Focus on Bucharest and Cluj; align with hotels, event agencies, embassies, and corporate mobility providers.
- White-glove and last-mile: FAN Courier, Sameday, Cargus, and retail/tech distribution fleets.
Pay and Work Conditions (Indicative)
- Domestic trucking: Generally lower than international runs; depends on experience, region, and company.
- International long-haul: Often structured as base salary plus daily allowances (âdiurnÄâ) for international days. Experienced drivers can earn competitive EU-level take-home pay compared with cost of living in Romania.
- Chauffeur/executive driving: Pay varies widely; premium operators pay more for English skills, night/weekend availability, and customer service.
Note: Compensation structures and tax rules evolve; confirm details in your contract and ask about net pay, allowances, and overtime.
Best Practices and Tips for Romania (Premium Driver Edition)
Whether youâre chauffeuring a CEO or hauling temperature-sensitive goods, these practices help you stand out.
Customer Experience
- Confirm, donât assume: Message clients with ETA, car model, and plate before pickup.
- Professional presentation: Clean attire, polished shoes, minimal fragrance, and discreet demeanor.
- Proactive hospitality: Offer water, adjust climate settings, and check route preferences.
- Quiet confidence: Keep small talk optional; privacy and discretion matter.
Compliance and Safety
- Master EU rest rules: Plan around weekly rest requirements and split rest options.
- Keep a documentation pack: License, CPC (Code 95), tachograph card, vehicle documents, ADR cert (if applicable), and insurance.
- Load security: Use appropriate straps, corners, and sealsâdocument with photos when needed.
- Winter prep: Carry de-icer, gloves, scraper, snow chains (if route requires), and a warm kit.
Route and Infrastructure Awareness
- Know the corridors: A1 to NÄdlac (HU), A2 to ConstanČa port, A3 sections toward Oradea/BorČ. Familiarize with E60/E70/E81/E85/E87.
- Intermodal hubs to watch: Railport Arad (Curtici), Oradea terminals, PloieČti logistics parks, and Bucharestâs ring road connections.
- Border routines: Hungary (NÄdlac II, BorČ II) and Bulgaria (GiurgiuâRuse) can have queues; plan breaks strategically.
Professional Communication
- English + basic Romanian: Enough Romanian to greet, confirm addresses, and handle documents goes a long way.
- Be paperwork-fluent: Many clients appreciate clear PODs (proof of delivery), CMR forms, and timely status updates.
- Keep a digital trail: Use telematics/dispatch apps well; log exceptions professionally.
Cost and Lifestyle Savvy
- Housing: Consider Timisoara, Arad, PloieČti, or outskirts of Bucharest for value. Proximity to depots reduces commute time.
- Banking and payments: Open a Romanian bank account for salary; ask your employer about preferred banks and fee-free transfers.
- Mobile and data: Get a local SIM with generous data; navigation and communication depend on it.
Common Challenges and Practical Solutions (Dubai to Romania)
1) Licensing and Exams in a New System
- Challenge: UAE licenses arenât typically exchangeable for Romanian professional licenses.
- Solution: Schedule theory/practical tests early; use ARR-accredited training centers that offer English materials and mock tests.
2) Language and Customer Interaction
- Challenge: Romanian is new for many drivers; some clients prefer Romanian, especially in domestic and white-glove roles.
- Solution: Learn job-focused phrases; many employers offer language support. For premium chauffeur roles, highlight English proficiency and customer etiquette.
3) Weather and Seasons
- Challenge: Romaniaâs winters contrast with Dubaiâs climate; snow and ice require new driving habits.
- Solution: Winter driver training, mandatory equipment, and deliberate speed/spacing. Practice chain fitting before you need it.
4) Administrative Timelines
- Challenge: Work permits, visas, and residence can be time-consuming.
- Solution: Keep a digital folder with scans of passport, police clearance, medicals, and contract. Respond quickly to employer/consular requests.
5) Housing and Cost of Living
- Challenge: Finding the right neighborhood near depots and logistics hubs.
- Solution: Ask HR for recommended areas and driver housing groups. Expect 1-bedroom rents typically in the 300â700 EUR range depending on city and location; share housing early to save until you settle.
6) Border Crossings and Paperwork Stress
- Challenge: First EU routes can feel complex: CMR, customs for certain non-EU legs, and tachograph planning.
- Solution: Shadow a senior driver for your first trips. Create checklists for CMR fields, goods descriptions, seal numbers, and rest planning.
Industry Insights: Romaniaâs Trucking and Logistics Market in 2025
Romania sits at the crossroads of multiple European trade lanes, and its logistics sector continues to formalize and scale up. For drivers, that means more structure, more complianceâand more opportunities.
Growth Drivers
- EU Integration and investment: Ongoing highway construction (A1, A3, ring roads) and logistics park development (near Bucharest, TimiČoara, Cluj, PloieČti) improve transit times and reliability.
- Nearshoring: Manufacturers shift production and assembly into Romania for cost and proximity benefits, boosting domestic and cross-border freight.
- E-commerce: Robust demand for parcel and palletized shipments, with value-added last-mile services.
- Port of ConstanČa: A strategic Black Sea gateway for containers, petrochemicals, and bulk cargo.
Hot Segments for Premium Talent
- International refrigerated: Food and pharma lanes into Hungary, Austria, Germany, and Italy.
- Time-sensitive automotive: Serving OEMs and tier suppliers (Dacia/Mioveni; Ford Otosan/Craiova) and related supply chains.
- High-visibility corporate chauffeuring: Embassies, IT hubs, and event circuits in Bucharest and Cluj.
- Secure and protocol driving: Diplomatic and corporate requirements for vetted professionals.
Compliance Culture Is Rising
- EU regulators and clients now treat compliance as a revenue enabler. Drivers who excel at tachograph usage, load securing, and SOP adherence command better roles.
- Associations and oversight: UNTRR and other associations advocate for carriers; ARR accredits training and issues certain professional certificates; ISCTR enforces road transport laws.
Salary Trends and Equipment
- Many fleets upgrade to Euro 6 tractors (DAF, Volvo, Scania, MAN, Mercedes-Benz) with safety tech (ADAS, lane assist, telematics), appealing to drivers used to Dubaiâs higher-spec vehicles.
- International drivers often see earnings uplift relative to Romaniaâs living costs; chauffeur roles reward service quality, languages, and flexible schedules.
Practical Action Steps: Your Dubai-to-Romania Relocation Plan
Use this step-by-step roadmap to reduce downtime and begin earning sooner.
1) Pre-Move Preparation (4â12 Weeks)
- Research target roles: Long-haul C/CE, refrigerated, ADR, chauffeur, or white-glove last-mile.
- Shortlist employers: Look for carriers with training support and multilingual dispatch. Prioritize companies around Bucharest, TimiČoara, Arad, Cluj, and ConstanČa.
- Prepare documents: Passport (valid 12+ months), CV, license copies, driving record, police clearance, medical records, and references.
- Contact recruiters/agencies: Ask specifically about work permit sponsorship, CPC support, and accommodation assistance.
- Budget: Allocate funds for visa fees, initial accommodation, training, and license/testing costs.
2) Work Permit and Visa
- Employer files for a work permit with IGI.
- Once approved, you apply for a long-stay work visa at a Romanian consulate.
- Keep copies of your job offer/contract and all supporting documents.
3) Arrival in Romania (Week 1â2)
- Accommodation: Book temporary housing near your training center or depot.
- SIM and banking: Get a local SIM and open a bank account for salary deposits.
- Medical/psych evaluations: Complete required exams for professional categories.
4) Training and Licensing (Weeks 2â8)
- Enroll in ARR-accredited courses: CPC (Code 95), ADR if needed, and any city-specific attestation for ride-hailing/chauffeur work.
- Schedule tests: Theory and practical for your category (C/CE for trucking; B plus endorsements for chauffeur/ride-hailing where required).
- Apply for driver card: After you have the license and residence documentation.
5) Onboarding and First Assignments (Weeks 6â12)
- Shadow runs: Join a senior driver on at least 1â3 EU trips or a week of local premium transfers to learn SOPs and local practices.
- Equipment check: Confirm vehicle safety kit, winter gear, and document folder are complete.
- Communication setup: Configure dispatch apps, navigation, and translation tools.
6) Stabilize and Grow (Months 3â12)
- Specialize: Add ADR, temperature-controlled best practices, defensive driving, or protocol training.
- Language: Build Romanian phrase competency for smoother interactions.
- Route portfolio: Aim for a mix of domestic and international runs to maximize income stability and experience.
Romania On the Road: Everyday Realities and Tips
Driving Conditions and Speed Limits
- Trucks >3.5t: Common limits are up to 90 km/h on motorways, 80 km/h outside towns on national roads, and 50 km/h in urban areas (always follow posted signs).
- Mountain routes: Anticipate weather and slower traffic; plan rest stops accordingly.
- Urban driving: Bucharest traffic can be denseâbuffer time for airport jobs and peak hours.
Important Routes and Logistics Hubs
- A1 Corridor: BucharestâPiteČtiâSibiuâDevaâTimiČoaraâAradâNÄdlac (HU). Gateway to Austria and Germany.
- A2 Corridor: BucharestâConstanČa. Key for container drays and port-related cargo.
- A3 Segments: Toward PloieČti and Transylvania, linking to Oradea/BorČ (HU) and future expansions.
- Crossings: NÄdlac II and BorČ II (Hungary), Petea (HU), GiurgiuâRuse (Bulgaria).
- Intermodal: Railport Arad (Curtici), Oradea terminals, PloieČti logistics parks, and Bucharestâs ring road distribution centers.
Culture and Work Style
- Professionalism: Punctuality, tidy appearance, and polite communication are valued.
- Direct but courteous: Romanians appreciate straightforwardness with respect.
- Holidays: Expect Orthodox Christian holidays; plan routes around festive periods when traffic and schedules shift.
Cost of Living Snapshot (Indicative)
- Rent: 1-bedroom typically ~300â700 EUR depending on city and neighborhood.
- Utilities and internet: Reasonable compared to Western Europe; ask landlords about winter heating costs.
- Groceries and meals: Local produce and markets help keep costs low; delivery apps are widely used in big cities.
Best Practices and Tips (Romania-Specific)
- Build local networks: Join driver groups on social media for Bucharest, TimiČoara, and Cluj tipsâhousing, mechanics, and job leads.
- Map your service standards: Write a 10-point checklist for every job (vehicle check, ETA text, route plan, customer preferences, photo of clean interior, water stocked, POD checklist, expense logs, post-trip notes, next-day prep).
- Learn key phrases: âBunÄ ziuaâ (Hello), âMulČumescâ (Thank you), âUnde mergem, vÄ rog?â (Where are we going, please?), âAici este bine?â (Is here okay?), âDocumentele de transportâ (Transport documents).
- Maintain a personal compliance file: Keep training certificates, medicals, and inspection reports handy; auditors love organized drivers.
- Dress code for chauffeurs: Dark suit or blazer, clean shirt, and polished shoes; keep a spare tie and lint roller in the car.
Common Challenges and Solutions (Expanded)
Weather Adaptation
- Problem: Snow, ice, and fog can disrupt schedules.
- Solution: Study winter driving modules, keep anti-freeze windshield wash, check battery and tire tread, and monitor weather apps (e.g., ANM forecasts and Waze community reports).
Language at Borders and Depots
- Problem: Dispatchers and border officers may use Romanian or Hungarian (west) or Bulgarian (south) terms.
- Solution: Keep translation apps ready and carry a cheat sheet of logistics terms (seal, temperature logs, CMR fields).
Vehicle Standards and Inspections
- Problem: Differences in expected equipment vs. what you used in Dubai.
- Solution: Do a full kit check at onboarding. Verify triangles, extinguisher validity, reflective vests, first-aid kit contents, and winter gear.
Managing Fatigue on EU Lanes
- Problem: Long runs with strict delivery windows.
- Solution: Plan breaks in advance to align with tachograph requirements; use parking areas with facilities and security.
Cultural Nuances with Corporate Clients
- Problem: Misreading the formality level.
- Solution: Default to formal (Mr./Mrs., polite tone). Offer amenities quietly and respect privacy.
Practical Scenarios: What Premium Looks Like in Romania
Executive Airport Transfer (Bucharest)
- Before pickup: Send a WhatsApp message with ETA and car details. Arrive 10â15 minutes early at OTP.
- During ride: Offer water, ask for temperature/music preference, choose the fastest comfortable route.
- After drop-off: Share e-receipt or confirm with dispatcher; note any special requests for return pickup.
Refrigerated Run: ConstanČa to Central Europe
- Pre-trip: Calibrate temp, check seals, confirm CMR and delivery window.
- En route: Monitor temperature and door sensors; log rest periods near Nadlac/BorČ.
- Delivery: Photo of seal before removal, capture receiver signature, upload docs to TMS.
White-Glove Delivery in Cluj
- Pre-arrival: Call customer with 30-minute notice.
- On-site: Use floor protection, assemble items, remove packaging.
- Post: Show finished setup, obtain signed POD, and document serial numbers.
Conclusion: Your Premium Career in Romania Starts with One Decision
Premium driver services are expandingâand Romania sits at a sweet spot of EU access, infrastructure growth, and rising service expectations. If you bring Dubai-honed professionalism, customer care, and discipline, you can secure high-quality roles in Romaniaâs executive chauffeur scene, specialized logistics, or high-value international trucking.
Start planning now: gather documents, connect with Romanian employers, lock in your training path (CPC/ADR), and map your first three months. With preparation and the right mindset, youâll turn the global rise of premium services into your personal career lift-off.
Ready to make the move? Shortlist employers today, schedule your ARR-accredited training, and prepare your visa documents. Romaniaâs premium driver market is waiting for professionals like you.
FAQ: Working and Living in Romania as a Professional Driver
1) Can I use my Dubai (UAE) driverâs license to work as a professional driver in Romania?
- For professional driving, you generally need a Romanian-issued license for the relevant categories and EU Driver CPC (Code 95). Romania typically does not exchange UAE licenses for professional categories, so be prepared to take theory and practical tests in Romania and complete CPC training.
2) What are typical salaries for drivers in Romania?
- It varies by role and experience. International long-haul (C/CE) drivers often earn a base salary plus international daily allowances, leading to competitive net pay relative to living costs. Domestic routes pay less but offer home time. Premium chauffeur roles can pay more where English skills, flexible hours, and VIP standards are required. Always confirm net pay, allowances, and overtime in your offer.
3) How tough is winter driving, and what equipment is mandatory?
- Winter can be demanding, especially in mountains and northern regions. Many fleets switch to winter tires from November to March; winter tires are mandatory whenever winter conditions exist. Carry a scraper, de-icer, gloves, chains (if route requires), and ensure your vehicle has the standard Romanian safety kit: reflective vest, first aid kit, two warning triangles, and a fire extinguisher.
4) What documents do I need for cross-border EU routes?
- Typically: personal ID/passport and residence card, driverâs license with Code 95, tachograph driver card, vehicle registration and insurance, CMR consignment note, and any specialized certificates (ADR). Your company will brief you on lane-specific documents.
5) Is English enough to work in Romania?
- In international trucking and many premium chauffeur roles, English is widely used. Basic Romanian helps with roadside checks, customer interactions, and depot staffâespecially on domestic routes. Learning job-focused phrases is a strong advantage.
6) Whatâs the cost of living compared to Dubai?
- Housing, food, and daily expenses are generally lower in Romania. A 1-bedroom apartment typically ranges around 300â700 EUR depending on city and neighborhood. Utilities and mobile data are affordable. Budget extra for winter heating and initial setup costs.
7) How long does the immigration process take?
- Timelines vary by employer and consulate, but expect several weeks to a few months from work permit application to residence permit issuance. Start early, provide complete documentation, and respond quickly to requests from your employer and authorities.
Final Call-to-Action
If youâre serious about moving from Dubai to Romania for a premium driver career, take the first three steps today:
- Shortlist three Romanian employers or agencies and contact them for sponsorship and training support.
- Book your medical/psych evaluations and gather your documents in a digital folder.
- Reserve a seat in an ARR-accredited CPC course and explore ADR to boost your earning potential.
Your next opportunity is one decisionâand one well-planned journeyâaway.
