Maximizing Income as an International Electrician

Introduction

If you are a professional electrician in Global exploring a strategic move to Romania, you are looking at one of Eastern Europes most promising markets for skilled trades. Romania combines European Union membership, ongoing infrastructure investment, and a favorable cost-to-income ratio that can accelerate your savings and long-term financial goals. For electricians focused on maximizing income, building a stable career in electrical and construction services, and gaining access to the broader EU market, Romania offers a compelling mix of opportunity and affordability.

Relocating is never just about a job. It is a full life decision that touches everything from your certifications and tool standards to your familys wellbeing, school options, language adaptation, and tax planning. This guide lays out the full picture for international electricians aiming to work in Romania, including the exact licenses and authorizations you will need (especially ANRE authorization), how to align your experience with Romanian codes and EU directives, where the best-paying niches are, what salaries to expect, and how to budget smartly for life in cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Iasi.

Whether your strengths are in residential installations, industrial wiring and automation, renewable energy systems, or smart building technologies, you will find real projects and employer demand here. Read on for a structured, step-by-step roadmap to convert your credentials, secure the right visa, pass the necessary exams, and position yourself for higher rates and long-term contracts.

Why Romania?

EU membership and market access

Romania is a member of the European Union, which means:

EU safety and technical standards apply, including the EU Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU), the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU), and the Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC).
Once you are established in Romania, you can more easily collaborate with EU contractors, bid on cross-border projects, and work with EU-compliant products and materials.
Over time, as your Romanian network grows, you can leverage opportunities across nearby EU markets while maintaining a cost-effective base in Romania.

Cost of living advantage

Romanias cost of living is significantly lower than Western Europe while offering comparable professional conditions for electricians. Your salary can stretch further in housing, transportation, and daily expenses, enabling higher savings rates without compromising lifestyle. For many international electricians, this balance is key to maximizing income.

Strong and diversified demand for electricians

Residential construction is active in major cities due to new housing developments and renovation of older building stock.
Industrial and logistics sectors are expanding, especially around Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Oradea.
Renewable energy is scaling fast, including utility-scale solar PV, rooftop PV, wind farm O&M, and battery storage pilot projects.
Smart building systems and energy efficiency retrofits are in demand in commercial, institutional, and public-sector buildings.

Quality of life

Urban centers like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Iasi offer vibrant cultural scenes, good connectivity, and international communities.
Access to mountains, the Black Sea coast, and historic regions makes weekends rewarding.
Internet connectivity is fast and affordable, useful for contractors who depend on digital project management and remote collaboration.

Job Market Overview

Where the opportunities are

Bucharest: The largest concentration of commercial projects, office buildings, data centers, malls, hospitals, and transportation hubs. High demand for experienced electricians, site supervisors, and automation technicians.
Cluj-Napoca: Known for IT and tech-driven developments, light industrial parks, and premium residential projects. Interest in smart building integrations and energy-efficient retrofits.
Timisoara: Automotive, electronics, and logistics are strong, with ongoing industrial investments and infrastructure upgrades.
Iasi: Growing healthcare, university, and public infrastructure projects, along with residential development.
Constanta: Port and logistics developments, renewable projects in the region, and maritime-related infrastructure.
Ploiesti: Energy and petrochemical facilities and associated industrial maintenance needs.
Galati and Braila: Heavy industry and shipbuilding-related projects.
Oradea and Sibiu: Industrial parks, logistics, and commercial installations.

High-value niches for higher pay

Renewable energy installations: Rooftop and utility-scale solar PV installations, wind farm maintenance, battery management systems. Specialized commissioning and O&M roles tend to pay more.
Industrial automation: PLCs, SCADA systems, VFDs, instrumentation, and control panels. Certified technicians and engineers with commissioning experience command premium rates.
Data centers and critical power: UPS systems, generators, redundancy design, and precision cooling integration. High compliance standards mean higher pay.
Smart buildings: BMS integration, KNX, DALI, BACnet, IoT sensors, access control, and fire detection systems.
EV charging infrastructure: AC and DC fast charging installation, testing, and maintenance for commercial and residential clients.
Energy efficiency retrofits: LED conversions, power factor correction, load balancing, and metering systems.

Typical employers in Romania

Electrical contractors: From small specialized firms to large national contractors handling design-build and EPC projects.
Construction companies: General contractors for residential, commercial, and industrial projects.
Industrial facilities: Automotive, electronics, food processing, logistics centers, and refineries.
Renewable energy developers and EPCs: Rooftop commercial installers and utility-scale solar and wind companies.
Facility management providers: Ongoing maintenance of complex sites like shopping centers, hospitals, airports, and office campuses.
Utilities and DSOs: Regional distribution operators and service companies focusing on grid maintenance and upgrades.

Legal Requirements

The process differs for EU/EEA citizens and Global (non-EU) citizens. Since this guide is for Global electricians, the key steps below focus on non-EU routes.

Work permits and visa process for Global citizens

Secure a job offer or contract: Most employers will sponsor your work permit. For contractors, you may also explore setting up a Romanian company (SRL) or registering as a sole trader (PFA), but a work permit is still necessary to perform work in Romania as a non-EU citizen.
Employer applies for work permit: The Romanian employer submits an application for a work permit (aviz de munca) to the General Inspectorate for Immigration (IGI). They must show labor market needs and your qualifications.
Long-stay work visa (D visa): Once the work permit is approved, you apply for a long-stay work visa (symbol D/AM or relevant category) at a Romanian consulate in your country of residence. You must provide the work permit, proof of accommodation, health insurance for the visa period, and valid passport.
Enter Romania and apply for residence permit: After arriving, you apply for a residence permit (permis de sedere) at IGI. This will contain your personal identification number (CNP), which you need for taxes and services.
Registration for taxes and social insurance: With residence established, you will be registered for social contributions and income tax via payroll. If you operate as a contractor, consult an accountant to register your activity and contributions properly.

Notes:

EU Blue Card: If your contract meets salary thresholds for highly skilled roles and your qualifications are recognized, a Blue Card may be an option. Check the latest thresholds, as they adjust periodically.
Family members: Spouses and dependent children can typically apply for family reunification after you obtain your residence permit. Confirm timelines and documents with IGI.
Processing timelines: Work permits may take several weeks. Plan for 2 to 3 months from job offer to starting work, depending on documentation and consulate schedules.

Legal right to perform electrical work

In addition to immigration authorization, to legally perform electrical installations for third parties in Romania you must hold the relevant ANRE authorization. This is separate from your visa or work permit and is mandatory for many categories of work.

Certification and License Recognition

Understanding ANRE authorization

ANRE (Autoritatea Nationala de Reglementare in domeniul Energiei) regulates and authorizes electricians who perform electrical work for third parties in Romania. ANRE authorizations are categorized by grade and scope, with typical structures such as:

Grade I: Low voltage installations (generally up to 1 kV)
Grade II: Medium voltage installations (roughly 1 kV to 20 kV)
Grade III: High voltage installations (approximately 20 kV to 110 kV)
Grade IV: Very high voltage installations (above 110 kV)

Subcategories often distinguish between design (A) and execution (B):

A: Design, technical documentation, and project planning
B: Execution, installation, testing, operation, and maintenance

For most field electricians geared toward maximizing income, the execution subcategories (for example, I B or II B) are critical. If you aim to run your own projects and sign off on work, obtaining appropriate design and execution scopes increases your market value.

ANRE exams typically cover Romanian regulations, standards, and practical scenarios. The process usually involves:

Application submission with diplomas, experience proof, and references
Document translation into Romanian by an authorized translator and legalizations where required
Exam scheduling with ANRE, sometimes with theory and practice components
Periodic renewal and continuing education requirements

Check current ANRE exam calendars and requirements on the official ANRE website or by contacting ANRE directly, as details may change.

Romanian standards and EU directives

Romania aligns with EU directives and European norms. Key references you will encounter include:

EU Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU): Safety requirements for electrical equipment operating within certain voltage limits.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU): Limits electromagnetic interference of equipment and ensures immunity to interference.
Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC): Safety of machinery and associated components.
Romanian adoption of IEC 60364: Implemented as SR HD 60364 for low voltage electrical installations.
National normative documents such as I7/2011 (with subsequent updates and addenda) governing design and execution of low voltage installations, including protection, earthing, and safety measures.

Familiarity with SR HD 60364 and normative I7 is essential for exam success and field compliance. On large sites, you will also meet project-specific technical specifications that reference European standards and manufacturer installation guides.

Recognition of foreign diplomas and qualifications

For non-EU electricians, prior qualifications are not automatically recognized. You will need to:

Gather proof: Diplomas, certificates, apprenticeship records, and letters of experience from previous employers.
Legalize and translate: Have documents translated into Romanian by a certified translator. Some may require apostille or consular legalization depending on your country of issue.
Submit to recognition bodies: Depending on your education level, you may involve CNRED (National Center for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas) for higher education or the National Authority for Qualifications (ANC) for vocational certifications.
Apply for ANRE: Use your recognized qualifications and experience to apply for the appropriate grade and scope. Expect an exam that tests Romanian regulations, so language preparation is strongly recommended.

Safety certifications and specialized authorizations

Beyond ANRE, many employers require site and safety credentials:

SSM (Occupational Health and Safety) training: Mandatory site safety training and periodic refreshers.
Fire safety awareness: Often required for commercial and industrial sites.
High-risk work permits: For hot works, confined spaces, and elevated work.
PRAM testing competence: Protection, grounding, and lightning protection testing. Employers value practical experience with earthing resistance and insulation testing protocols.
Renewable energy certifications: While not always mandatory, proof of training in PV design and installation, inverter commissioning, and system testing (aligned with standards like SR EN 62446 for PV systems) can increase your rates.
Lift, HVAC, or refrigeration-related authorizations: If your role overlaps with other trades, you may need relevant credentials or to coordinate with authorized partners.

Tool standards and calibration

Tools and equipment must conform to EU standards, with CE marking where applicable.
Test instruments (multimeters, insulation testers, earth testers) should be calibrated periodically. Keep certificates on file to satisfy audits and client requirements.
Personal protective equipment (gloves, helmets, dielectric boots, arc-rated gear) must meet EU safety norms. Clients may request proof of compliance.

Salary and Benefits

Earnings vary by city, specialization, and experience. To simplify, consider 1 EUR roughly equal to 5 RON. Actual exchange rates fluctuate.

Typical monthly net salary ranges

Entry-level or junior electrician (residential/commercial): 3,500 to 4,700 RON net per month (about 700 to 940 EUR)
Mid-level electrician (commercial/industrial): 5,200 to 7,000 RON net per month (about 1,040 to 1,400 EUR)
Senior industrial electrician or automation technician: 8,200 to 11,500 RON net per month (about 1,640 to 2,300 EUR)
Site supervisor or foreman: 9,300 to 13,500 RON net per month (about 1,860 to 2,700 EUR)
Commissioning specialist or high-voltage technician: 10,000 to 15,000 RON net per month (about 2,000 to 3,000 EUR)

Note: Net salary depends on gross salary and statutory contributions. Employers in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca often pay toward the upper end due to demand and higher living costs.

Contractor and project-based rates

Daily rates: 400 to 900 RON per day (about 80 to 180 EUR), depending on scope and certifications.
Hourly rates: 35 to 80 RON per hour (about 7 to 16 EUR), higher for specialized commissioning or emergency callouts.
Per diem on out-of-town projects: 50 to 120 RON per day (about 10 to 24 EUR), sometimes plus accommodation.
Overtime premiums: 75 to 100 percent above base rate for nights, weekends, or holidays, subject to contract.

Typical benefits offered

Meal vouchers (tichete de masa): Often 20 to 40 RON per working day.
Transport allowance or company transport to site.
Accommodation for remote projects.
Private health insurance (in addition to public system access) or medical subscriptions.
Annual bonuses, performance bonuses, and sometimes a 13th salary.
Paid vacation: Typically 21 to 25 days per year.

Income maximization strategies

Secure ANRE authorization at the highest applicable grade and scope (for example, II B for medium voltage execution) to qualify for better-paying work.
Target high-demand niches: PV commissioning, EV charging, industrial automation, and critical power.
Consider project-based work with reputable contractors during peak seasons to negotiate higher day rates.
Cross-train: Add BMS, KNX, DALI, PLC basics, or fiber termination skills to broaden your value.
Build a portfolio of compliant projects with documented test results and handover packages to win repeat business.

Cost of Living

Your savings depend on both income and expenses. Below are realistic ranges for major cities. Figures vary by neighborhood and season.

Housing (monthly rent)

Bucharest: 1-bedroom apartment
- City center: 500 to 700 EUR (2,500 to 3,500 RON)
- Outside center: 400 to 550 EUR (2,000 to 2,750 RON)
Cluj-Napoca: 1-bedroom
- Center: 450 to 650 EUR (2,250 to 3,250 RON)
- Outside center: 350 to 550 EUR (1,750 to 2,750 RON)
Timisoara: 1-bedroom
- Center: 350 to 550 EUR (1,750 to 2,750 RON)
- Outside center: 300 to 450 EUR (1,500 to 2,250 RON)
Iasi: 1-bedroom
- Center: 300 to 500 EUR (1,500 to 2,500 RON)
- Outside center: 250 to 400 EUR (1,250 to 2,000 RON)

Shared accommodation can reduce these costs significantly, which is common for project-based teams.

Utilities and services (monthly)

Utilities (electricity, heating, water, waste) for a small apartment: 80 to 150 EUR (400 to 750 RON), depending on season and building efficiency.
Internet: 7 to 12 EUR (35 to 60 RON) for high-speed connections.
Mobile phone: 5 to 10 EUR (25 to 50 RON) for generous data plans.

Transportation

Public transport monthly pass:
- Bucharest: about 80 to 100 RON (16 to 20 EUR) for metro and surface transport options.
- Other cities: 40 to 80 RON (8 to 16 EUR), depending on coverage.
Fuel: Prices fluctuate, but plan on EU-level fuel costs. Car ownership can be practical for site-to-site travel.
Ride-hailing and taxis are widely available in major cities and are comparatively affordable.

Daily expenses

Groceries: 150 to 250 EUR per month (750 to 1,250 RON) for one person, depending on dietary preferences.
Lunch menu at local restaurants: 6 to 10 EUR (30 to 50 RON).
Dinner in mid-range restaurants: 10 to 20 EUR (50 to 100 RON).

Health and education

Public healthcare is accessible once you begin contributing through employment. Many expats also choose private medical subscriptions: 20 to 50 EUR per month (100 to 250 RON).
International or private schools are available in Bucharest and some larger cities for families relocating with children.

Cultural Integration

Language basics

Romanian is a Romance language with Latin roots. In major cities and technical environments, many colleagues speak English, but Romanian proficiency is a major advantage, especially for ANRE exams and site communications.

Learn common technical terms and safety language related to electrical work.
Take a beginner course or use language apps, then practice daily on site.
Many exam materials and standards are in Romanian, so building reading proficiency helps with authorization and compliance.

Workplace culture

Punctuality and reliability are highly valued. Arrive on time and meet agreed deadlines.
Documentation matters. Keep neat records of test results, materials, and as-built diagrams.
Safety culture is taken seriously on reputable sites. Follow SSM rules and participate in toolbox talks.
Hierarchy can be present, but initiative is appreciated. Offer solutions and communicate issues early.

Everyday life tips

Payment cards are widely used. Keep some cash for smaller merchants.
Driving: International licenses are recognized for a period. Long-term, exchange your license where applicable.
Electrical compatibility: Romania uses 230 V, 50 Hz, with Type F Schuko sockets. Most Global electricians are already familiar with 230 V systems, but ensure your tools and chargers are compatible and CE marked.

Practical Steps to Relocate

Map your specialization: Decide whether you will focus on residential, industrial, renewable energy, or smart building systems.
Research employers: Target electrical contractors, industrial facilities, renewable EPCs, and facility managers in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Iasi.
Prepare a Romania-focused CV: Emphasize EU-relevant standards, safety record, and any experience with PV, EV charging, BMS, or PLCs.
Gather qualifications: Diplomas, trade certificates, apprenticeship papers, and employment references. Obtain apostille or consular legalization if required.
Translate your documents: Use authorized Romanian translators. Keep multiple certified copies.
Apply for recognition: If applicable, submit documents to CNRED or ANC for recognition or equivalence of qualifications.
Reach out to ANRE: Identify the appropriate authorization grade and scope. Register for the next exam session.
Secure a job offer: Negotiate clear responsibilities, salary or day rates, overtime rules, per diem, accommodation policy, and whether the employer supports ANRE exam fees.
Employer applies for work permit: Provide needed documents promptly to help your employer secure your work permit with IGI.
Apply for D visa: With work permit approval, apply for the long-stay work visa at the Romanian consulate.
Plan your arrival: Book accommodation for the first month. Consider proximity to site or public transport.
Obtain residence permit: After arrival, submit your residence permit application. Keep all immigration documents safely filed.
Register for taxes and health: Ensure payroll or your accountant handles social contributions and CNAS registration.
Sit for ANRE exam: Prepare using Romanian normative documents. If needed, take a short prep course.
Build your toolkit: Verify CE compliance, update calibration certificates, and procure site-accepted PPE.
Start on site: Observe local codes, request clarifications early, and maintain meticulous documentation.
Expand your network: Join local professional groups, attend trade shows, and connect with suppliers and inspectors.

Success Tips

Target high-demand cities and sectors first: Bucharest for data centers and commercial projects, Timisoara for industrial and automotive, Cluj-Napoca for smart buildings and tech campuses, Iasi for public infrastructure and healthcare.
Prioritize ANRE: The right grade and scope unlock higher-value work. If you have strong medium voltage experience, aim for II B or higher.
Specialize: Renewable energy, EV charging, and automation can raise your rates. Certification and documented experience are key.
Master Romanian standards: Build familiarity with SR HD 60364 and I7 normative. Keep a personal reference library and notes.
Document everything: Testing protocols, inspection checklists, and as-builts improve client confidence and reduce disputes.
Negotiate smart: Define overtime, per diem, tools, PPE, travel, and accommodation in writing before starting.
Manage taxes: If contracting as a PFA or SRL, hire a local accountant to optimize deductions and ensure compliance.
Keep learning: Add BMS, KNX, PLC basics, fiber, or thermal imaging skills to widen your service scope.
Build supplier relationships: Local distributors can expedite materials, recommend compatible products, and flag upcoming projects.

Job Market Deep Dive by City

Bucharest

Project types: Commercial towers, hospitals, data centers, transit hubs, and large residential complexes.
Hiring patterns: Continuous demand for electricians, foremen, and commissioning teams. Night-shift or critical power roles pay premiums.
Rates: Typically higher than elsewhere to offset living costs.

Cluj-Napoca

Project types: Tech campuses, premium residential, and light industrial sites.
Demand: Smart building integration and energy efficiency retrofits.
Lifestyle: Strong international community, attractive for families.

Timisoara

Project types: Automotive, electronics, logistics, and greenfield industrial.
Demand: Industrial automation and maintenance skills are prized.
Rates: Competitive with solid overtime opportunities.

Iasi

Project types: Healthcare, education, public infrastructure, and residential expansions.
Demand: Public-sector compliance and documentation skills add value.
Cost advantage: Lower rents increase your savings potential.

Working to Code: Romanian Electrical Standards Snapshot

System voltage and earthing: 230/400 V, 50 Hz, with common TN and TT systems. Earthing and bonding requirements follow SR HD 60364 and I7 normative.
Protection devices: RCDs are standard in residential and many commercial circuits. Selectivity and coordination must be documented.
Cable routing: Fire safety rules drive containment and materials selection. Coordinate early with the general contractor.
Testing and commissioning: Insulation resistance, continuity, RCD trip tests, earth resistance, and loop impedance must be recorded in test sheets. Keep copies for ANRE audits or client inspections.
Documentation: As-built drawings, circuit schedules, protection settings, and maintenance guidance are commonly required at handover.

Navigating Common Challenges for Global Electricians

Different codes and norms: Even if you worked under IEC-based systems elsewhere, expect Romania-specific adaptations and documentation patterns.
Language on site: Safety briefings and permits can be in Romanian. Learn key terms and do not hesitate to ask for clarification.
Tool and product compatibility: Ensure CE marking and correct ratings. Align with local supplier recommendations.
Calibration and inspection: Keep instrument certificates current. Clients may audit.
Weather and site conditions: Prepare for cold winters on outdoor sites. Plan for PPE and safe work practices in all seasons.

Financial Planning for Electricians in Romania

Maximizing income is not only about higher pay. The right planning multiplies your net results.

Budget by city: Align your salary or day rates with local rent and transport costs. Consider sharing accommodation on short-term projects to raise your savings rate.
Track expenses: Use apps to track job-related costs and per diem claims. Keep receipts for accounting and tax deductions if you operate as a contractor.
Insurance: Consider personal accident insurance and professional liability coverage. Some clients require minimum coverage levels.
Emergency fund: Hold at least 3 months of living expenses to buffer visa or project delays.
Upskilling fund: Allocate budget for courses, ANRE renewals, and specialized training like PV, BMS, or PLCs.

Conclusion and Call to Action

Romania is a practical and profitable destination for international electricians who want the best balance of EU-grade projects, competitive salaries, and a cost of living that enables real savings. By securing the right ANRE authorization, aligning with Romanian standards, and targeting high-value niches like renewable energy, industrial automation, and smart buildings, you can command higher rates and build a resilient career base in the EU.

Start now by shortlisting target employers in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Iasi, preparing your documents for recognition, and booking your ANRE exam timeline. If you take the practical steps in this guide, you will be ready to turn your move into a long-term financial win.

FAQ

1) Do I need to speak Romanian to work as an electrician in Romania?

You can get hired with English in larger companies, especially in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. However, Romanian language skills are strongly recommended. Many standards, permits, and ANRE exams are in Romanian. Basic proficiency speeds up safety briefings, documentation, and communication with inspectors. Invest in language learning early.

2) How long does it take to obtain ANRE authorization?

Expect several weeks to a few months, depending on document preparation, recognition of qualifications, exam schedules, and processing times. Start gathering and translating your documents before you arrive. Some employers will sponsor or support your ANRE process, which can accelerate timelines.

3) Can my spouse work in Romania?

After you obtain a residence permit, your spouse may apply for residence and work authorization. Requirements vary based on your permit type and employer support. Many families succeed in both partners working, especially in larger cities. Confirm specifics with the General Inspectorate for Immigration.

4) What are the main differences between Romanian electrical standards and what I use now?

Romania follows EU directives and uses SR HD 60364 for low voltage, aligned with IEC principles, plus national normative documents like I7/2011. If you are used to North American NEC or other non-IEC codes, expect differences in earthing arrangements, RCD usage, cable types, and documentation. Study local norms and ask for project-specific standards early.

5) Are my tools acceptable in Romania?

Tools must be CE compliant and suitable for EU voltage and frequency (230 V, 50 Hz). Keep calibration certificates for test instruments. Employers may audit PPE and tool compliance. If your tools do not carry CE marking, consider purchasing locally or through EU suppliers.

6) Should I work as an employee or a contractor (PFA or SRL)?

Employees get stable salaries, benefits, and simpler taxes. Contractors can earn more per day but must manage accounting, invoices, and contributions. A PFA is simpler to start for individuals, while an SRL offers limited liability and a professional image for teams or larger projects. Consult a local accountant to decide based on your income expectations and risk tolerance.

7) What taxes and social contributions will I pay?

Employees pay income tax and social contributions withheld at payroll. Contractors pay income tax plus social and health contributions based on their declared income and thresholds. Rates and thresholds can change, so use a Romanian accountant to optimize deductions, handle VAT if applicable, and keep you compliant.

8) Can I work across the EU with a Romanian authorization?

ANRE authorization lets you work legally in Romania on third-party installations. For other EU countries, you must follow their local authorization or recognition rules. However, having Romanian experience and ANRE credentials builds credibility with EU contractors and helps when applying for roles elsewhere in the EU.

9) Where are the best-paying electrician jobs in Romania?

Higher rates are common in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca due to demand and complexity of projects. Specialized roles in industrial automation, data centers, and renewable energy commissioning tend to pay more nationwide. Remote projects with per diem and accommodation can also raise net income.

10) How can I stand out to Romanian employers?

Show proof of successful projects with documentation and test reports, emphasize safety and compliance with EU norms, highlight any experience with PV, EV charging, BMS, PLCs, and critical power, and demonstrate progress toward ANRE authorization. Provide references who can verify your performance on complex sites.